At birth the boy has a skin covering the tip of the penis is commonly called the foreskin. Circumcision or circumcision, or also called circumcision (circumcision) is a mild surgery and surgery to open and remove part or all of the preputium (prepuce, foreskin, foreskin, the skin surrounding the glans penis/penis head).
Circumcision has a long history, even before BC was found in Egypt practice notes. This practice continued until now, but a hot topic of controversy since some 20 of the year. Is it true that circumcision useful or even useless?
Circumcision or no circumcision should be performed when the baby but it can be done later when the child begins to grow up and usually different growth rates associated with emotional and mental development of each child. Indications circumcision performed during the early years/infant/neonatal generally is due to phimosis, where preputium/foreskin can not be pulled back to open all parts of the head of the penis. Preputium layers inherent part of the glans penis, so that when preputium withdrawn, the glans penis can not fully open. As long as there is not interference in the urinary or signs of inflammation and can still be observed. Expected, the attachment will gradually disappear as the development of the age.
Please note that at birth only 4% of infants could preputiumnya fully withdrawn so that the head of the penis looks intact. Furthermore attachment was gradually reduced. Until the age of 1 year, still 50% who can not fully withdrawn. Respectively 30% at age 2 years, 10% at age 4-5 years, 5% at the age of 10 years, and there is still 1% that lasted up to 16-17 years. Of this last group, there are few who survived to adulthood persistent if not treated.
Phimosis can occur innate, can also occur later. Common causes are infection of the area and preputium glans penis (balanitis), which left scar tissue. Next preputium attached to the glans penis in the scar tissue.
In addition to having a special meaning recara spiritual and religious reasons, scientifically and medically, circumcision has many benefits, including:
• Medical Benefits
o Directly to reduce the risk of children exposed to UTIs (Urinary Tract Infection / urinary tract infection). According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, if in the first year infants circumcised only 1 will have the possibility to 1,000 urinary tract infections than circumcised not the 1 in 100.
o Reduce the risk of penile cancer, although it happened very rarely.
o The risk is lower sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV (adults of course).
o Preventing the foreskin infections.
o Preventing fimosis.
o For the purpose of genital health of children and as adults later.
• social reasons. Often children who are not circumcised will feel different from other friends as adults and that children do not feel inferior because of these differences.
• Religious reasons. Although not required for a particular religion (compulsory in Islam and Judaism), but has become a general agreement that circumcision is closely related to one's religion.
Age when undergoing circumcision or circumcision is, in fact there is no certain rules. Now even many of neonatal circumcision performed 1-2 days of age. The reason, earlier is better to prevent UTIs at an early age. Once, at the age of the patients are also more cooperative.
You might also want to check out the following:
ReplyDeleteCanadian Paediatric Society
"Recommendation: Circumcision of newborns should not be routinely performed."
http://www.caringforkids.cps.ca/pregnancy&babies/circumcision.htm
"Circumcision is a 'non-therapeutic' procedure, which means it is not medically necessary."
"After reviewing the scientific evidence for and against circumcision, the CPS does not recommend routine circumcision for newborn boys. Many paediatricians no longer perform circumcisions.
RACP Policy Statement on Circumcision
"After extensive review of the literature, the Paediatrics & Child Health Division of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians has concluded that there is no medical reason for routine newborn male circumcision."
(almost all the men responsible for this statement will be circumcised themselves, as the male circumcision rate in Australia in 1950 was about 90%. "Routine" circumcision is now *banned* in public hospitals in Australia in all states except one.)
British Medical Association: The law and ethics of male circumcision - guidance for doctors
"to circumcise for therapeutic reasons where medical research has shown other techniques to be at least as effective and less invasive would be unethical and inappropriate."
Your figures for retraction seem wrong btw. Most boys can't retract till a lot later. I was about ten, and I have no idea if my seven-year-old son can retract or not. Most importantly, this should not be forced:
AAP - "Care of the Uncircumcised Penis"
"foreskin retraction should never be forced. Until separation occurs, do not try to pull the foreskin back — especially an infant's. Forcing the foreskin to retract before it is ready may severely harm the penis and cause pain, bleeding and tears in the skin."
RACP policy statement on circumcision
"The foreskin requires no special care during infancy. It should be left alone. Attempts to forcibly retract it are painful, often injure the foreskin, and can lead to scarring and phimosis." (their bolding)
Canadian Paediatric Society
"Keep your baby’s penis clean by gently washing the area during his bath. Do not try to pull back the foreskin. Usually, it is not fully retractable until a boy is 3 to 5 years old, or even until after puberty. Never force it."